THE USE OF YOUTUBE MEDIA IN IMPROVING LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS IN UIN

Listening and speaking skills are two of the four Arabic language skills that are highly influential in developing the language. Both of these skills can be successful if students continue to practice and practice, but these two activities can be done if supported by adequate environmental facilities. Therefore, YouTube media tries to answer the limitations of the environment experienced by students. This study aims to describe the use of YouTube media to increase students’ listening and speaking skills. The method used is the qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This study revealed that media YouTube delivered improvements to students’ listening and speaking skills. Although due to the limitations of the media, still have a record, including not all can use this media if you do not have internet access. As well as the unavailability of automatic translation. ARKHAS, Journal of Arabic Language Teaching Arabic Language Education Department, Postgraduate of UIN KHAS Jember 44 | Vol. 2 No. 1 (January – June 2022)


Introduction
Learning is a process of interaction between teachers and students to transfer knowledge and information. Suryani emphasized that learning is a communication process between learners, teachers, and teaching materials (Nunuk Suryani et al., 2018: 4). Because of that, certainly in the process requires the media as an intermediary tersampaikannya information from teachers to students, and vice versa. Therefore, the development of the times has said that the learners also need to be active in learning.
Learning Media is specially designed to stimulate the mind, attention, feelings, and students' willingness so that the learning process occurs (Syaiful Rahman et al., 2014: 138).
Seeing this definition, the presence of media in the learning process is significant. Of course, it will affect the effectiveness and efficiency of transforming science and information. Nunuk Suryani et al. divided the types of learning media in their book: human-based media, printbased media, visual-based media, audio-visual-based media, and computer-based media.
The existence of media is then associated with conditions when used. And also need to consider the objectives to be achieved in the learning process. As we know, during the pandemic, the education sector was one of the areas affected (Huda, 2021: 4). Because of this, a lot of educational institutions utilize learning media based on the internet or the web, including YouTube. As done by the 5th-semester students of PBA at UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember.
Hypothesis the researchers, at the sight of one of their videos, that the media is beneficial for students to improve speaking skills as they play a role as a manufacturer of video. It will help improve the speaking skills as they play a role as a consumer. When production is carried out, they also can evaluate to improve on the next task. Because of the two skills in Arabic, the most important to success is to practice, and get used, which then creates the environment.

YouTube Media
In general, the media is the intermediary for information derived from the recipient's source of information. The Media is very diverse, depending on the type of information delivered in print or digital. At the same time, learning is a process of communication and interaction that conditions learning in students. Thus, the meaning of Learning media is everything used to channel the message and stimulate students' minds, feelings, and willingness to en-courage the intentional, purposeful, and controlled learning process (Nunuk Suryani et al., 2018: 4).
Learning Media is not just physical objects. However, everything can be utilized because it already contains information or teaching materials. The use of media is the use of systematically learning resources. Here are some patterns of Learning Media utilization; media utilization in the classroom and media utilization outside the classroom; the division is as follows (Syaiful Rahman et al., a. The utilization of the free, not controlled by anyone, even the media owner.
b. Controlled use, systematic use of media because a goal is to be achieved.
c. Utilization of media individually, in groups.
YouTube Media is one learning media that can be used in the two patterns above. Of course, the use of the media must be connected to the internet. Therefore, media is one learning media based on the internet or the web. The term that appears as web-based training (WBT) or, sometimes called web-based education (WBE), is defined as web technology in learning for an educational process. In simple terms, it can be said that the activity can be called web-based training during learning by utilizing internet technology. Learning mediabased websites is part of the utilization of the internet in the world of education and is a learning activity that uses media sites. The term is, also known as "web-based learning," is one type of implementation of e-learning (Hamzah B. Uno and Abd. Rahman K. Ma'ruf, 2016: 171).
The concept of e-learning or web-based learning media influences the process of digital learning transformation, both in content and system. Media web-based learning is an innovation that significantly contributes to changes in the learning process. The learning process does not only listen to the description of the material from the teacher, but the students are also doing an activity, such as observing, performing, demonstrating, and others. An expert suggested that web-based learning media is viral because of its flexibility and effectiveness in delivering online learning materials that can be accessed anytime and anywhere (Erwin Januarisman and Anik Ghufron, 2016: 169).
In another reference, it is said that Web-Based Learning is the learning that is associated with the teaching materials presented through a web browser (such as internet explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Netscape, and others). The presentation through the web is then called e-learning, or online learning requires technology services, such as telephone, audio, computer, and others. There are three internet-based learning systems in online learning (Ricky Firmansyah and Iis Saidah, 2016: 177-178).

Web Course,
Is the use of the internet for educational purposes. Teaching materials, discussions, consultations, assignments, exercises, and exams are delivered online (no face-toface).

Web-Centric Course
Put pressure on teaching materials, discussions, consultations, assignments, and exercises over the internet. There is face-to-face learning, but there is little presentation.

Web-Enhanced Course
It is the use of the internet only to support learning. Thus, the percentage of faceface more.
In addition to the advantages and advantages of YouTube Media, one of the learning media based on the internet. YouTube also has the advantage of audio-visual media, which is shaped video. Erickson and Curl, in the book Pinnington (1992) entitled Using Video in Training and Education in the person suggests some advantages of the use of video media as a means of education that is: 1. increasing insight into the student experience.
2. provide helpful information for students.

stimulates student interest.
4. guide the response of the students in the learning process. 5. overcome the limitations of distance and time.
As learning media in general, the videos also have disadvantages, including: 1. Fine details, not be able to display object to a nicety with the perfect.
2. Size information cannot display the object with the actual size.
3. Third dimension, the images projected by the video-shaped two-dimensional, to look three-dimensional, can be overcome by regulating the taking of the image, the location of the property, or light settings. 4. Opposition, taking less right can lead to doubt the audience's interpretation of the image he sees.
5. Setting, if the video displays a scene of two people conversing among a crowd of many people, it will be difficult for the audience to guess where the incident took place.

Maharah Kalam
In Arabic grammatical terms, the word kalam is a word that is composed and provides benefits in Arabic (Ahmad Zaini Dahlan,n.d.: 4). Lafadz is a sound that includes some of the letters hijaiyah. Murokkab is something that is composed of two sentences or more. Mufid is lafadz which can provide an understanding (benefits) of those who talk (mutakallim) to those who speak (sami'). Al-wadh'i is uttering words with deliberate and the use of the Arabic language.
Kalam is a lafadz that provides an understanding and is propped. Speaking is the ability to use spoken language to express something that comes to mind. There is that revealed that the core of the language is to talk, while the write is another attempt to realize a speaking activity. While understanding, speaking is a skill to convey the message orally to others. In communication, the speaker applies as the sender while the receiver is the recipient of the news or a message (Syaiful Mustofa, 2017: 136).
In other references, it is said that the competence of speech (kalam) express a variety of ideas and goals to the verses orally in a variety of spoken text with a variety of purpose of communication and context. Speaking skills (Maharah Kalam) are language skills to express ideas, beliefs, ideas, and knowledge of one of the students to the other through the intermediary of audio (sound). This ability covers several aspects; language, sound, idea, and execution.
As one of the language skills, speaking skill (Maharah Kalam) has the objectives to be achieved in the learning process. As stated by Iskandar Wassid et al. in Syaiful Mustofa, there are 5 objectives of learning Speaking skills, they are (Mustofa, 2017: 136-138): 1. Ease of speaking, in this case, students need a great opportunity to practice speaking until they can develop this skill reasonably, fluently, and fun both in small groups and in the presence of many communities.
2. Clarity, in this context, students are expected to talk with precise and clear, good articulation and diction sentences.
3. Responsible, in the context of this, should students be responsible for anything that he issued in the process of talking, so he demanded to speak carefully and adequately thought out carefully the content of the talks will be delivered. 4. Hearing form-critical speaking exercises that are better than simultaneously developing the skills of listening appropriately and critically also be the primary purpose of learning. 5. Form a habit, which is manifested through the interaction of two or more people who have previously agreed, should not be in a great community.
Meanwhile, besides the above objectives, speaking skills are also influenced by some aspects. According to Powers (1951: 6) in Hermawan, these aspects include phonetic appearance, vowels, semantics, and social.

Listening Skills (Maharah Istima')
Etymologically, istima ' (listening) comes from the Arabic Istama'a-Yastami'u, which means listening or listening. While the term Istima' means the first media used by humans to relate to fellow human beings in certain stages, through listening, we know mufrodat (vocabulary), forms of sentences, and tarakib (the Arrangement of multiple words) (Cahya Edi Setyawan, 2018: 162).
Listening skills are the ability to digest and understand sentences spoken by the interlocutor or specific media. Listening Skills are the goal of language learning, both first and second languages. Listening competence can make students understand various oral texts with different communication purposes and contexts (Suja'i, 2006: 19).
According to Hamid & Baharuddin in Naning, listening skills include identifying sounds, understanding sound elements, and finding express or implied information. Abdul Majid Sayyid Mansur in Syamsuddin Asyrofi in Naning also said that four factors must be considered in listening (Naning Ma'rifatul Faiqoh, 2020: 223): 1. Understand the meaning in general.

Interpret the conversation and interact.
3. Evaluate and criticize the conversation. 4. Combine the content received with the experience of individuals who have had.
As the ability to speak, listening skills also have a purpose in learning, delivered by

Method
This type of research is qualitative research; Lexy states that qualitative research intends to understand the phenomenon of the subject of study is experiencing, such as action, thought, motivation, and others. In a holistic manner and with a specific context utilizing natural and the various natural methods (Lexy J. Moleong, 2007: 6).
While the researchers used the descriptive approach, it is said that the approach of descriptive is an approach to researching the status of a group of people, objects, conditions, systems of thought, or events in the present. This descriptive study aims to make a description, picture or painting in a systematic, factual, and accurate about the facts, properties, and relationships between the phenomena being investigated (Moh. Nazir, 2014: 43).

Data collection techniques used include observation and interview. Observation ex-
plains that this technique is first used in scientific research, especially about everything in this universe. Research activities at the beginning were only directed at efforts to obtain as much as possible the knowledge about the natural environment human such as the nature and type of plants, the nature, and type of animals, then progressed in an attempt to gain more comprehensive knowledge, for example about human activities, human relationships, and so on (M. Djamal, 2015: 66). Observation techniques were used by researchers to study the task of video made by students of the 5th semester of PBA UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember, which was then uploaded on YouTube.
The interview this technique is a conversation that is done with specific intent (Lexy J. Moleong, 2007: 186). At the same time, the other reference explains the procedure of interview techniques. The data method is obtained by holding a dialogue directly between the interviewer who asks the question and the interviewee who answers the question (M. Djamal, 2015: 75). Therefore, with the interview technique, the researcher had a question and answer online about the use of YouTube media, strengths and weaknesses, and its influence in improving the speaking skills of students of the 5 th semester of PBA UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember.
Bogand in Sugiyono stated that data analysis in qualitative research is the process of systematically searching and preparing data obtained through in-depth interviews, field notes, and other materials, so easily understood, and its findings can inform others (Sugiyono, 2015: 334). In this case, the researchers used the data analysis stage in the form of preliminary studies, in which it was obtained through observation of a YouTube video made by students. Then continue the data analysis after completing the field, where the data obtained from the inter- Forms. After all, data is collected according to the indicators of the study; the researchers categorized the data to be discussed in the results and discussion.

How students use YouTube Media
As mentioned in the theory above, the pattern of learning that can be done using YouTube media is a pattern in the classroom and outside the school (free, controlled, and individual). While related to the learning system: Web Course, Web-Centric Course, and web Enhanced Course. In the discussion of results and discussions this time. Researchers use interview data with students of the 5th semester of PBA UIN Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember.
Ahmad Fadhilah stated that he often used YouTube media, which he uses when she feels bored and needs entertainment and other science. It is different from the explanation given by Aan Nurhasanah; according to her, she's not too often use YouTube media, only at certain times. Such as when the collection of duty video and when looking for information about the task. Statement Ahmad Fadhilah similar to that delivered by Alya Rahma uses YouTube when there are no ideas, learns, and listens to music. As a learning medium, Rahma utilizes YouTube as a collection and publication tasks and entertainment and adds insight. Redha Azmi Ayuni suggests using YouTube media more often in the 4 th semester, once a week. Different from the first half of the 5 th , the media are only used to work on the middle semester exam (UTS) and final exam (UAS). She uses YouTube media to make the learning more exciting and relaxed because he can choose various learning methods.
Unlike Iklik Syaqifah, who stated that she almost every day uses YouTube Media for the learning process. To view the video media of learning, training, debate with Arabic, tutorial, education, or to fulfill the subjects' task in making learning media skills of the Arabic language and drama. Iklik Syaqifah also utilizes YouTube to save some files, video lectures, or talent interest in the Arabic language, which allows for the uploading on YouTube. Also, in practicing speaking and listening, she uses YouTube as a medium to find a more comprehensive relationship. The first and especially in the training of Arabic debate. During this time, Iklik Syaqifah makes YouTube a media to save the video if it is beneficial to personal and other people. As well as making YouTube as a media to find a reference in learning the Ara-bic language, especially speaking and hearing, both of the speakers of the original Arabic or non-Arabic and take example sentences that might have never known before.
Dava F. Rahman stated that she almost daily uses YouTube media when bored and relaxed. He watches a video that helps develop hearing and general knowledge. Mahmud Arum Abdul Mukti uses YouTube media depending on how often the difficulties are encountered.
He applies when using YouTube; opening his account, searching the problem, selecting the content, paying attention to the needs, concluding, giving the results, and applying.
Through the interview data above, the researcher can conclude that the patterns used by students in utilizing YouTube media are a pattern outside of class, either freely, controlled, or individuals. While the system used is a Web Course system, where students conduct no face-to-face process with lectures. The task, collection, evaluation, and repair are all done online.

Advantages and disadvantages of YouTube media
In general, as learning media, YouTube is included in the categorization-based audiovisual media. The internet has advantages and disadvantages. Ahmad Fadhilah said that by using YouTube, students are trained to listen and then write important things delivered by the speaker. Meanwhile, according to Aan Nurhasanah, the advantage of YouTube media is that it can get information, making it easier to learn and can hone students ' skills. The disadvantage is that the listener or consumer should be careful in selecting and sorting information available on YouTube.
Alya Rahmah stated that an excess of YouTube media could be watched repeatedly and quickly accessible; if less attractive, she can search for other videos. According to Alya, she has homework to produce more exciting videos. Different from Redha Azmi Ayuni that describes more specific, the advantages of using YouTube media are increasing the skill to speak if used every day, by opening the video conversation and then memorizing each sentence. The disadvantage is the presence of a lot of ads on YouTube.
Iklik Syaqifah explains the advantages and disadvantages of YouTube media so rigid.
The lack of YouTube media is not automatically translated into Arabic, from Arabic to Indonesian, or vice versa. She only provides automatic translation of English. And it is a little troublesome for beginners who want to improve hearing skills through video of speakers of the original Arabic in YouTube media. In addition, YouTube is one of the media pretty much spent the internet quota, and not all people have the adequacy to access YouTube to improve their skills in the language.
In addition to the disadvantages, YouTube also has advantages, which can accommodate and publish videos up to a very long duration, so many Arabs who create films parable stories of the prophet and the leaders of Islam (Khalifah), which is a film that is quite friendly for lovers of Arabic, especially for those who want to improve speaking and listening skills.
Via YouTube media, we can access all kinds of video learning good from the inside and outside the country. We can also publish videos for the general public to correct or comment on our skills; we can share knowledge and take lessons from others.
Meanwhile, according to Mahmud Arum Abdul Mukti, the weaknesses and advantages of YouTube Media depend on the person who applies it. Because YouTube is a learning media neutral. Finally, Iklik Daulah said that YouTube media is very helpful in improving speaking and listening skills. While the weakness, sometimes the voice spoken by the speaker is not so clear and too fast in pronunciation, especially sometimes the available subtitles do not match the speaker's speech.
From the interview data above, the researcher can determine that the advantages of YouTube Media include: 1. Students continue to be trained to listen and write essential things delivered by the speaker.
2. Can obtain the information sought, making it more accessible in the learning process and hone skills. Iklil Syaqifah, based on his personal experience, explained that YouTube media has always been one of the media that can help him complete the lecture assignments in the Arabic language study program. As known, in the improvement of speaking skills, the most influential is the environment (Bi'ah Arabiyah). However, if the environment around us is less Arabic, YouTube is an alternative way of most help in improving speaking skills. Through video Arabiyah, Iklik can take the sentence structure that has not been previously known and can be used in ordinary days. As for speaking skills, listening skills are also not much different. They also need the environment. And actually, speaking and listening are two skills that complement each other. Hearing requires sounds and words. While the word and sound require a hearing for later conveyed the meaning behind the words. When watching Arabic videos on YouTube, we use hearing (istima') to understand its meaning. Getting used to hearing the conversations of the Arab people (though only through a YouTube video), then the language we use to talk would be the better, as well as the style of the talk will be increased the more eloquent as Arabs.
Dava Fajrin Rahman stated that YouTube media is very beneficial in improving speaking skills. Students can see the spectacle of the eastern world very quickly, so it will broaden the students even without reading. Meanwhile, according to Mahmud Arum Abdul Mukti, he will use his focal point for children who have a high curious spirit. The child is only for enter-tainment. Iklik Daulah, the influence of YouTube media for speaking skills developed enough. Very influential, but the sound is less clear is necessary for repetition.
All the speakers above answered the researcher's analysis that YouTube media increases students ' listening and speaking skills.

Conclusion
Through the interview data above, the researcher can conclude that the patterns used by students in utilizing YouTube media that is outside the classroom, freely, controlled, and individuals. While the system used is the system Web Course, no process of face-to-face students with the lecture. The task, collection, evaluation, and repair are all done online.
The learning process, lecture, and students are the two components that cannot be separated. Between the two components must be interwoven interactions that support each other so that student learning outcomes can usually be achieved. The lecture does not explain the material thoroughly but sometimes gives tasks to the students to discuss and study in-depth in the discussion forums. It is caused due to a lot of material that needs to be discussed, so it may not all be discussed in class. Finally, the impact for students and making them self-taught or self-using existing sources, such as YouTube.
With YouTube, they will be looking for an explanation, and videos tutorial are needed to support the learning process. As an interactive medium, YouTube allows teachers to upload learning materials in videos, while students can access them to replace face-to-face learning.
Online learning using the internet with the aim that it can still provide knowledge transfer and learning material in a variety of situations and conditions, especially during Covid-19. The overall indicator of online learning success lies with the teacher and lecture, learners, technology facilities, and the internet. YouTube media can be utilized as a technology supporting learning activities online, which involves the learners not having to consist of the unity of space and time. Students can access learning materials at any time without being limited by space and time on the condition that the computer or device students must be connected to the internet. YouTube also helps the efficiency of the role of teachers, given the presence of learning videos can support the development of learners' critical thinking skills.